Nerd's Eye View blog

Why Qualified Charitable Distributions From IRAs Are Often Not Best For End Of Year Contributions

December 18, 2013 07:01 am 13 Comments CATEGORY: Taxes

While charitable giving should always be done first and foremost for charitable and not tax purposes, the Internal Revenue Code does afford a number of different tax strategies for charitable giving. In recent years, the opportunity to complete "Qualified Charitable Distributions" (QCDs) directly from IRAs to a charity have been especially popular, in part because QCDs not only allow for "spending" amounts in IRAs without ever paying any taxes, but also because QCDs satisfy an individual's Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) obligations (and since QCDs are only available to those over age 70 1/2, there must be an RMD to satisfy!).

However, the reality is that while QCDs from IRAs do have favorable tax treatment, they are generally still less favorable than donating appreciated securities to satisfy charitable goals. While the former allows for entirely pre-tax charitable contributions (directly from an IRA), the latter effectively provides a "double tax" benefit, as contributions are deductible (making them pre-tax) and donations of appreciated securities permanently avoid taxes on the associated capital gains. As a result, while QCDs from an IRA are better to satisfy charitable goals than just writing a check or giving cash, using appreciated securities is still better (and the greater the appreciation, the more they come out ahead!).

Notwithstanding this difference in treatment, QCDs are still preferrable in situations where the deduction for donating appreciated securities might be limited - for instance, if the deductions in total will exceed the charitable contribution AGI limits (including the 5-year carryforward), where deductions have been already capped at 80% due to the Pease limitation, or for those who have so little in the way of itemized deductions that it would be better for them to simply claim the standard deduction (and donate separately via QCDs if desirable). And of course, sometimes the dollar amounts involved simply don't make it worthwhile to go through the hassle of donating appreciated securities. Thus, ultimately, whether QCDs or donating appreciated securities will be more tax-efficient depends upon the facts and circumstances of the situation; nonetheless, all else being equal, QCDs still tend not to be the best charitable giving option available!

Crafting a Compelling Job Description For Your Next Financial Planning Hire

December 17, 2013 07:01 am 3 Comments CATEGORY: Practice Management

Hiring a new financial planner can be a challenge, especially for firms that have never hired a professional staff member before. Even for larger firms that have hired successfully in the past, the process can be daunting. Yet in many cases, a difficult hiring process can be exacerbated with a key mistake coming right out of the gate: not having a compelling written job description (or worse, not having any job description at all).

In this guest post, financial planner recruiter Caleb Brown shares his insights about what it takes to craft a compelling job description for a prospective financial planning hire. It's a look at all the key areas a job description should cover - from a proper "what's in it for the candidate" introduction, to a position summary, current responsibilities, future responsibilities, and what should be discussed as qualifications and benefits - along with some helpful hints, and tips of things to avoid.

If you're thinking about starting the process of hiring a financial planner, this should be a helpful starting point for what to consider when crafting the job description for that future hire. Alternatively, if you've already started the process of hiring, but have been struggling to find the right person - or anyone at all - this article may be a helpful look at whether the problems might be stemming from a job description that is not compelling in the first place.

The Real Hidden Cost That Has Been Inhibiting Financial Planning For The Masses

December 16, 2013 07:01 am 16 Comments CATEGORY: Planning Profession

As financial planning slowly and steadily builds itself towards being an established profession, there has been an increasing focus on the importance of figuring out how to widen the scope of financial planning to reach more of the masses. Although notably, it seems that recent efforts to expand the reach of financial planning services is not purely altruistic; the reality is also that there are simply a lot more CFP certificants around than there used to be, making it increasingly appealing for advisors to seek out new audiences to grow their businesses, rather than compete in the same bloody red ocean of their competition.

Yet notwithstanding the growing desire to reach the masses, financial planners have struggled to extend their services. The promise of the web and the potential efficiencies of technology create the potential to bring down the cost of financial planning and make it more accessible to the masses, even as planners now find that they may soon be in competition with the technology itself seeking to deliver parts of those services directly to the public in the form of "robo-advisors."

However, the reality is that the real inhibitor to bringing financial planning to the masses is not about the use of technology to drive down the cost of delivering financial planning. The real challenge is how difficult it remains to get new clients in the first place, especially given that so many financial planning firms have relatively little cash flow available for broad-based marketing programs. The end result - the real challenge in bringing financial planning to the masses is not about the cost to deliver it, but the incredibly high cost necessary to get those clients in the first place! When we figure out how to bring down the cost to acquire clients, we will figure out how to truly bring financial planning to the masses.

Weekend Reading for Financial Planners (Dec 14-15)

December 13, 2013 01:01 pm 1 Comment CATEGORY: Weekend Reading

Enjoy the current installment of "weekend reading for financial planners" - this week's reading kicks off with a "no-news" article... that after four months since the CFP Board's "fee only" controversies began, there are still not yet any formal talks amongst NAPFA, the FPA, and the CFP Board about how to resolve the differences in compensation definitions, or address the fact that a number of FPA and NAPFA members appear to be currently out of compliance with the current rules.

A number of other practice-management and industry-related articles are highlighted this week as well, including: the first practice management study released by the FPA's new Research and Practice Institute which found that only 46% of financial planners even have a retirement plan for themselves; a renewed push by the Financial Planning Coalition (along with AARP, CFA, IAA, and NASAA) to advocate for legislation to assess user fees on RIAs to enhance oversight (in lieu of allowing FINRA or another SRO to take over); rising scrutiny by the SEC on so-called "reverse churning" where advisors put clients into AUM fee arrangements but have so little trading that clients may be charged far more than they would have been by just staying in a commission-based account; new fees that many custodians are charging to advisors who try to trade away to get better price execution on ETF trades; and an announcement by BrightScope that its Advisor Pages offering will now be free to advisors who want to update the essential information, with premium features available for those who want to pay more to further engage in marketing through the platform.

From there, we have a several more technical financial planning articles this week, including an analysis by Wade Pfau comparing variable withdrawal rate strategies from Jon Guyton and David Blanchett, a look at how recent changes for reverse mortgages may make them less appealing to financial planners even as reverse mortgages are becoming more recognized in research as a financial planning tool, and a look at how for many financial advisors their health insurance premiums may go up next year as premiums are shifted to be based on each plan participant's individual age (which means older advisors who saved on premiums by having younger employees who brought down the average age of the plan will no longer enjoy such savings).

We wrap up with three interesting articles: the first looks at how some big trends, from industry consolidation and pressured profit margins to generational shifts and technology will threaten advisors to "adapt or die" (with lessons from Blockbuster video as an example of a company that failed to recognize their own industry trends and adapt accordingly); the second is a satire article from Vanguard announcing new "AlphaBet" ETFs as a demonstration how simple data mining and research biases can create new ETF products that have no reasonable expectation of sustaining their results (advisors beware of backtest-based new ETF offerings!); and the last is a discussion from the NY Times of Britain's new "Ministry of Nudges" that is applying behavioral finance and research principles to help better implement government policies, with some very notable successes. Enjoy the reading!

End Of Year Roth Conversions And Capital Gains Harvesting – Paying Taxes To Save Taxes

December 11, 2013 07:01 am 13 Comments CATEGORY: Taxes

As the end of the year approaches, so too does the time for end-of-year tax planning, a time typically filled with strategies that minimize income, maximize deductions, and generally try to ensure that the least amount of taxes possible are paid and that any taxes due are pushed as far out into the future as possible.

In the past, a minimize-and-defer-income approach has been rather effective. But in today's tax environment, with more tax brackets, higher top rates, and a myriad of additional phaseouts and surtaxes that can drive marginal tax rates even higher for both ordinary income and long-term capital gains, the reality is that just pushing income indefinitely into the future is not necessarily the best strategy anymore. Instead, deferring too much income into the future may simply mean that when it's finally time to liquidate - whether it's selling highly appreciated investment positions for retirement income, or beginning withdrawals (or facing RMDs) from large IRAs - income at the time can rise so high that tax rates skyrocket!

As a result, it turns out that in today's environment, it may be far more effective to consider strategies like Roth conversions or capital gains harvesting that aim to accelerate income into the current year, rather than defer it into the future. This form of "tax bracket arbitrage" - creating wealth by reporting income when tax rates will be lower, even if it's now - can actually result in greater lifetime wealth, even though it triggers a tax liability sooner rather than later! In other words, it turns out that sometimes the best way to save on taxes is to pay them as soon as possible, even if it means creating income before the end of the year in order to do so!

The Biggest Trap Financial Planners Face When Marketing Themselves

December 9, 2013 07:01 am 19 Comments CATEGORY: Practice Management

With the growth of financial planning and the CFP certification over the past decade, just doing comprehensive financial planning is not the differentiator it once was. As technology commoditized first investment transactions, and now increasingly the basic elements of diversified portfolio construction, advisors are forced in the direction of providing more holistic financial advice to add value to the relationship. While this is ultimately a plus for consumers, it also mean that providing financial planning services to consumers is a much more crowded, competitive space than it was just a few years ago.

In response to a more challenging environment, many advisors have doubled down on their efforts to be generalists, seeking to cast a wider and wider marketing net in the hopes of attracting more prospects to become clients. Yet unfortunately, it's not clear whether such efforts really result in more clients, or simply more marketing work for the same - or even inferior - results. After all, it only takes a few advisors becoming specialists to attract away key potential new clients, to the point where while each specialist may only be able to grow within his/her niche, the generalists can't grow at all. And the end result is that the advisor sees even more prospective clients, but gets fewer actual clients.

Accordingly, the real key to turning around the trap of the wider marketing net is to recognize that for a business that is already undifferentiated and struggling to grow, casting an ever-wider net will not result in more clients and business. Instead, the key to differentiation is to turn around 180 degrees, and become more focused and specialized, to truly become the best-in-class for a particular type of clientele that can be served effectively and profitably. While that might result in fewer prospects, real differentiation ultimately results in more actual clients, allowing advisors to grow their businesses smarter, instead of just working harder.

Weekend Reading For Financial Planners (Dec 7-8)

December 6, 2013 12:23 pm 6 Comments CATEGORY: Weekend Reading

Enjoy the current installment of "weekend reading for financial planners" - this week's edition kicks off with the big 2013 annual advisor tech survey, with some interesting results showing that advisors are starting to really shift to the cloud (and show a preference for cloud-based solutions). There's also an interesting bit of news about Fidelity announcing that it going forward it will charge more to purchase Vanguard and DFA mutual funds (and a few other low-cost providers) compared to the other 99%+ of the marketplace.

From there, we have a number of technical planning articles, including a discussion of how clients who use the Social Security "file and suspend" strategy can actually undo it years later, a look at some of the rules for 529 plans that are relaxed when a beneficiary designation change occurs, a harsh look at whether nontraded REITs are really all they're cracked up to be, and some recent research from the Journal of Financial Planning about how to achieve higher withdrawal rates using a standby line of credit via a reverse mortgage.

We also have several practice management articles, including a bit of a point-counterpoint discussion about the how easily advisors can get started with blogging, but a note that just because advisors can blog doesn't mean they should unless their practice is really focused and specialized enough to create content that has unique value from all the other "tripe" being pushed out (spammed out) to consumers. There's also a discussion of how some advisors have struggled with the execution of website re-design projects (though most seem happy with the final outcome, even if the process of getting there was a challenge!).

We wrap up with three interesting articles: the first is an interview with financial planner, blogger, and speaker Tim Maurer about the wide range of activities he's involved with and his secret for how he's achieved such good relationships with the media (hint: give it away); the second is a look at some of our behavioral biases in making decisions as advisors, and how we can better navigate our own decision-making challenges; and the last is an interesting look at how, despite all the negativity about the state of the US these days, we've actually made astonishing improvements over and above the days-gone-by when we already said times were great (which means we should be even happier now, right!?). Enjoy the reading!

HECM Reverse Mortgages – Current Borrowing Limits May Not Last Much Longer

December 4, 2013 07:01 am 5 Comments CATEGORY: Debt & Liabilities

The reverse mortgage marketplace has been through a rollercoaster in the past decade, as the number of loans grew by more than 100% from the mid-200s to the peak in 2009, only to fall by almost 50% in the years since then. While everything from the declining availability of home equity to more restrictive reverse mortgage rules have been blamed for the decline, it seems that in reality the primary factor has simply been the fact that reverse mortgages are more popular when "traditional" mortgage options are unavailable (e.g., in the depths of the financial crisis), and become less appealing as credit conditions improve.

Accordingly, this suggests that reverse mortgages may soon become even less popular as new rules just taking effect further reduce their availability, compounded further by a financial assessment that will begin to apply in early 2014, and the coincidental lapse of the FHA's "temporarily increased" maximum property value from $625,500 down to only $417,000 at the end of the year after 2014. The end result - reverse mortgages are facing their own "tightening credit conditions" during a time when traditional lending options have become more and more relaxed - which may mean clients and their planners are less interested than ever in considering a reverse mortgage, even while reverse mortgage strategies like the standby line-of-credit or refinancing a forward mortgage into a reverse remain as valid as ever.

For those who are interested in a prospective reverse mortgage, though, the time may be now to act, as the tighter limits taking effect in 2014 means that clients may never again be able to borrow as much on a reverse mortgage as they can through the end of December. Even for those below the FHA property limits and who won't otherwise be affected by the changes taking effect next year, the simple fact that reverse mortgage borrowing limits decline by approximately 20% for every 100 basis point increase in interest rates means that there may be no better time than right now to get a reverse mortgage line of credit in place. In the long run, though, it remains unclear whether the reverse mortgage industry will be able to weather the storm it faces as reverse mortgages become relatively less appealing compared to available alternatives, or whether reverse mortgages will simply remain used in limited situations as a loan of last resort (to the extent still possible), or simply for older clients who advanced age still allows for more useful higher borrowing limits.

Tips For Dealing With Entitlement Issues With Your Gen Y Financial Planning Team

December 3, 2013 07:01 am 0 Comments CATEGORY: Practice Management

Hiring young "Generation Y" financial planners has its challenges, as today's generation of new financial planners have some fundamentally different views regarding work/life balance and work expectations that will shape how they navigate their careers. While this may simply mean that Gen Y planners make different decisions when faced with some of their life/career trade-offs, an associated challenge is that Gen Y is often viewed as having an "entitlement" attitude - that they want the benefits, without the trade-offs.

In this guest post, Gen Y planner and NAPFA Genesis founder Dave Grant shares some of his experiences with the difficulties of dealing with Gen Y entitlement issues, reflecting on some of his recent challenges with his own entitlement demons that crop up from time to time. From the perspective of someone dealing with the issue themselves, Dave then shares some of his insights about how firm owners can try to handle and address Gen Y entitlement issues, from the perspective of someone who would be on the receiving end of the message!

Of course, ultimately generational stereotypes are just that - a stereotype that does not necessarily represent every unique individual of the generation - so it is not a 'guarantee' that the problem will present itself just because you're hiring or working with young planners. Nonetheless, if you're an advisory firm owner struggling with some younger planners in your firm - or perhaps you are a Gen Y planner dealing with these issues yourself - today's guest post should be helpful for you in trying to think through ways to tackle the issue!

How Do You Measure Success And Quality In A Financial Planning Firm?

December 2, 2013 07:01 am 10 Comments CATEGORY: Practice Management

Over the past decade, it has become increasingly popular for publications to cite the assets-under-management (AUM) of an advisory firm when quoting from someone at the firm. Ostensibly, an advisory firm's AUM is meant to connote its success and relevance; the larger the AUM of the firm, the more the apparent success of the person being quoted, and the more we should all pay attention to what he/she is saying. Or so the media seems to imply.

Of course, the reality is that AUM says little about the actual quality of a firm's financial planning services or the success of its clients; in fact, it doesn't even indicate whether the firm does financial planning in the first place! Accordingly, some has suggested that better alternatives might be to look at the years of experience of the planner instead, to adjust for and acknowledge the fact that advisors can have excellent knowledge and insight even if their personal goal was not to grow a huge pile of AUM (or for that matter, in the event they decided not to even run an AUM business model in the first place!).

Yet at the same time, this raises the question: what should we be using to evaluate and measure the success and quality of a financial planning firm? After all, if we can't even measure it, how can we possibly manage it and work towards improving it? Would a better alternative be to look at client satisfaction surveys? What about the percentage of recommendations that are implemented? Or the time horizon it takes for them to be implemented? How do you measure the quality and success of your financial planning services for your clients?