Kitces.com - Advancing Knowledge in Financial Planning

Strategies To Rescue A Life Insurance Policy With A Sizable Loan

November 23, 2016 07:00 am 24 Comments CATEGORY: Insurance

One of the virtues of cash value life insurance is that insurance companies are willing to make loans against the policy at relatively favorable interest rates, because the insurance company knows that it can always foreclose on the policy (i.e., force its surrender) as collateral to repay the loan.

Unfortunately, though, while the availability of a life insurance policy’s cash value ensures that the loan will never be “underwater” with recourse to the borrower, the bad news is that the surrender of the life insurance policy itself can still be fully taxable for a substantial gain. Even if the policyowner doesn’t get any of the proceeds, because they’re used to repay the loan. Ultimately, the only way the upside of a life insurance policy becomes fully tax-free is if it matures as a death benefit.

In fact, the reality that the only way to use a life insurance policy’s cash value to repay a loan tax-free is via the death benefit leads to a number of “rescue” strategies for life insurance policies with substantial loans, specifically to help ensure that the policy remains in place until the death of the insured.

In some cases, the accrued loan interest on a life insurance policy is so severe that there’s no way to save the situation – necessitating either a surrender of the policy, or perhaps a life settlement sale transaction for an older insured.

But fortunately, it’s often feasible to sustain the policy with some combination of restructuring the policy’s dividends and death benefit, engaging in partial surrenders or withdrawals, contributing some additional dollars into the policy (either as premiums, or to pay loan interest or repay principal), or even exchanging to a new “life insurance rescue policy” that transfers the policy’s cash value – along with the loan itself – in a tax-free 1035 exchange.

Of course, ideally the insurance policy will be monitored all along, to avoid ever reaching a “surprise” situation where a life insurance policy loan has compounded to the point that it needs to be rescued. But whether it’s a proactive “Bank on Yourself” borrowing strategy, or just accidentally accruing a loan through the Automatic Premium Loan provision on a whole life policy, sometimes a substantial loan does accrue, and it’s necessary to take steps to rescue the policy before an adverse tax consequence results!

Empathy: The Essential Skill To Survive The Robo-Planner Threat

November 21, 2016 07:01 am 10 Comments CATEGORY: Personal/Career Development

The compounding growth of computing power suggests it’s only a matter of time before computers have the same “brainpower” as a human being. In fact, if Moore’s Law – that computing power doubles every 18-24 months – continues to hold, the crossover point where computers are smarter than humans might not even be all that far away. Which has troubling implications for a wide range of knowledge-based professions, from doctors, to lawyers, to financial planners who might someday be replaced by a “robo-planner” instead.

Yet research shows that our brains are hard-wired to process information differently when received from human beings rather than computers. We evolved as social animals – a trait that was vital to our survival in the early years – which means even if a robo-planner could deliver the same advice as a human, we might be less likely to take it.

In turn, this implies that the key trait for financial planners in the future will be the one skill that our brains are not programmed to receive from a computer: empathy. Because we need to feel that we are heard and understood before we’re willing to take someone’s advice about how to change our behavior, and those feelings of connectedness are an exclusively human-to-human domain.

Unfortunately, though, in today’s environment, there’s remarkably little in the way of “empathy training” for financial planners. But the good news is that empathy training is possible, and is actually on the rise in a number of other professions, from medicine to law and even to the military and the police. Which suggests it may only be a matter of time until it’s more readily available for financial advisors as well.

Still, though, with the onward marching of computing power, our transition from being “knowledge workers” to “relationship workers” may be here sooner than we realize. The good news is that means “robo-planning” will not be the end of human financial planners. But it remains to be seen whether or how many of us will be ready if and when the moment of change comes?

Weekend Reading for Financial Planners (Nov 19-20)

November 18, 2016 02:39 pm 1 Comment CATEGORY: Weekend Reading

Enjoy the current installment of "weekend reading for financial planners" - this week's edition kicks off with several big news stories, including a look at the SIFMA/FSI lawsuit against the Department of Labor's fiduciary rule in Texas (where the judge's questions suggest some possibility that the DoL could actually lose), a review of the other DoL rule implemented in 2016 that's at risk under President Trump (the safe harbor for states to create automatic enrollment IRAs without ERISA fiduciary exposure), and the big Advisor FinTech news that robo-advisor-for-advisors Vanare has raised a whopping $20M Series A round from ETF provider WisdomTree (and is being renamed AdvisorEngine in the process).

From there, we have a few technical articles, including a look at how variable withdrawal strategies can both improve average retirement income and reduce the risk of failure, how Medicare Part B premiums are changing next year (and what clients should consider, especially if they're just getting started in Medicare Part B this year or next), and planning strategies for Social Security for divorcees.

We also have several practice management articles this week, all focused on building out your advisory team, including: how to attract great team members by creating a Career Opportunities page on your website (even if you're not hiring right now); what your team members are looking for from the advisor-founder to be happy and successful (and better support the success of the firm); and the benefits of hiring a dedicated operations team member (or creating an entire dedicated ops department) for your advisory firm.

We wrap up with three interesting articles: the first is a preview of a chapter from Nassim Taleb's new book "Skin In The Game", about why salespeople must be separated from advisors, and how the ability of clients to sue (e.g., under a fiduciary rule) is actually a crucial mechanism to ensure advisors have reasonable "skin in the game" for their recommendations; the second is a review of the recent global OECD study on financial literacy, which finds that not only do consumers struggle with a wide range of irrational behavioral finance challenges, but also that more than half the world's adults are just sheerly financially illiterate; and the last is a great reminder of what it really takes to be sustainably successful as a business owner, and how it's not about just creating a great product or service, but also about being able to continually learn, empathize more, communicate better, try (and fail) more, and maintain a longer term view than any of your competitors.

And be certain to check out Bill Winterberg's "Bits & Bytes" video at the end, which this week includes coverage of the news that Wells Fargo is partnering with robo-advisor SigFig, a nasty two-day systems outage at Cetera (and the lessons in business continuity), and a FINRA announcement that Lincoln Financial is being fined a whopping $650,000 for failing to vet the security of a third-party technology vendor.

Enjoy the "light" reading!

Is It Worthwhile To Get A Financial Planning PhD?

November 17, 2016 07:39 am 17 Comments CATEGORY: Personal/Career Development

With over 75,000 CFP certificants, having an advanced designation is not the differentiator it once was in the marketplace. Instead, the successful growth of CFP certification, along with rising consumer awareness of the CFP marks, is turning the CFP into a minimum standard to be recognized as a professional, and those who really want to differentiate must pursue even most "post-CFP" certification instead.

In this week’s #OfficeHours with @MichaelKitces, my Tuesday 1PM EST broadcast via Periscope, we explore whether getting a PhD in personal financial planning is a good way to differentiate as an advanced practitioner... or rather, why a financial planning PhD is probably a bad idea for even sophisticated financial advisors.

Because the reality is that a financial planning PhD is really not just the ultimate advanced designation in financial planning. It's really a research degree, with content that teaches students how to actually do real research, applying proper research methods and conducting the appropriate statistical analyses. A financial planning PhD doesn't actually teach much at all about how to do financial planning; in fact, most of the PhD programs will expect candidates to have already learned that before applying (and/or may have to take "pre-doctoral" courses just to get the requisite education first).

Instead, the real purpose of getting a PhD in financial planning is to teach financial planning (at a higher education institution), or to do real research in financial planning. The good news is that there are a growing number of opportunities in both - in fact, the whole purpose of the origin $2,000,000 seed grant that the CFP Board made to Texas Tech's personal financial planning PhD program in 2000 was specifically to help create financial planning PhDs who could go create and teach in other financial planning PhD programs (which is exactly what happened). And there is certainly no shortage of applied financial planning research opportunities.

But the bottom line is simply to recognize that practitioners who want "advanced" financial planning designations should seek out post-CFP designation programs, or perhaps a Master's in Financial Planning. But a PhD is not just a more advanced designation; it's really a teaching and research degree, and is best suited for those who really want to teach and do research, either in lieu of becoming a financial planning practitioner, or perhaps as a second career for those practitioners who are ready for a fresh new challenge!

The Future Of Estate Planning And Potential Repeal Under President Trump

November 16, 2016 07:01 am 7 Comments CATEGORY: Estate Planning

In recent years, both President-Elect Trump and the Republicans have called for a repeal of Federal estate taxes, and with the Republican clean sweep in Washington, all eyes are on potential legislation to eliminate the estate and gift tax in 2017.

In today's guest post, from estate planning gurus Jonathan Blattmachr and Marty Shenkman, we look at the prospects for estate tax repeal, and what it could actually mean for both the future of estate planning, and the near-term strategies that clients might want to engage in... or not...

Because the reality is that total repeal is not entirely certain - at least, not permanent repeal. The lack of 60 Republican votes in the Senate means legislation to totally repeal the estate tax could be filibustered, and while estate tax repeal could be passed as budget reconciliation legislation with a simple majority, that's only possible if it includes another infamous 10-year sunset provision thanks to the so-called Byrd rule. In addition, even if the estate tax is repealed, it's not clear whether the gift tax would also be repealed, nor whether the systems might at least be partially replaced with other tax exposure at death - for instance, either a requirement to report all capital gains at death, or a renewal of the "carryover cost basis" rules that were temporarily applicable in 2010. And all of these changes could also end out on the cutting room floor, a bargaining chip the Republicans concede in exchange for getting some other legislation done.

Given these dynamics, the world of estate planning has a dark cloud of uncertainty hovering over it. Actual repeal could dramatically reform the focus of estate planning, eliminating the focus on estate tax planning and shifting it instead towards asset protection planning (and to a lesser extent, income tax planning). However, the potential for repeal with a sunset provision limits the ability to fully count on estate tax repeal from a planning perspective, which means it may still be desirable to shift assets out of the estate, "just in case". On the other hand, if there is no carryover cost basis (and step-up in basis remains), then it may be especially damaging to shift assets out of the estate, rather than retaining control to enjoy a step-up at basis in death.

Which ultimately means that many popular estate planning strategies will remain in place, at least for now, and especially for those just trying to manage estate tax exposure given the recently proposed Section 2704 Treasury Regulations that would drastically curtail family limited partnership discounts. But realistically, perhaps the most likely outcome will simply be that a lot of substantial estate planning grinds to a halt for the next 3-6 months, until it becomes clearer whether or how much of a focus the new Republican administration will really take regarding estate tax repeal, or not.

What It Takes to Make Your Client Advisory Board a Success

November 14, 2016 07:00 am 6 Comments CATEGORY: Practice Management

Steve Wershing of The Client Driven Practice

Financial advisors who start their own firms, like so many other entrepreneurs, are driven by a vision of how clients should be served, and then build a business to deliver those services. If the vision is a good reflection of what people really do want, and is well-executed, the business is rewarded with success and growth.

The caveat, however, is that even successful entrepreneurs aren’t always right in predicting what their clients want and need. Sometimes business owners misjudge what clients really value most in the business, or even lose perspective in how the business is perceived by the clients altogether. In some cases, it’s simply a matter of an idea that seemed great in the business owner’s head but isn’t so appealing to the clients who would actually need to pay for it.

So how can financial advisors avoid these potentially costly missteps? By forming a client advisory board – a group of key clients and influencers who can provide feedback to the firm owner and management, before new initiatives are rolled out or changes are made, to get constructive criticism from the end client about whether it’s really a good idea or not.

And in today’s guest post, client advisory board facilitator Steve Wershing provides some best practices, based on his own years of experience, about how financial advisors should go about creating and implementing an effective client advisory board – from how to identify the right people and ask the right questions, to finding the right way to run the meeting, the right frame of mind to approach it, and the right follow-through to execute it.

So whether you’re an advisory firm that’s already running a client advisory board but wants ideas on how to run it better, or a firm that’s thinking about putting together a client advisory board for the first time, I hope that today’s guest post from Steve Wershing helps you to take the next step forward!