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Does Tax Loss Harvesting “Almost” Substantially Identical Mutual Funds And ETFs Trigger A Wash Sale Problem?

May 6, 2015 07:01 am 23 Comments CATEGORY: Taxes

Harvesting capital losses to generate a current tax savings is popular. So popular, in fact, that not long after the US income tax was first created a century ago, the strategy was rapidly adopted as a tax savings technique and became a perceived tax abuse. In turn, this lead to the establishment of one of the first pieces of legislation to close an “abusive” tax loophole, and we now know Congress’ solution as the “wash sale” rules.

Yet the challenge of the wash sale rules is that the requirement not to own a “substantially identical” stock or bond within the 61-day wash sale period was rather straightforward to apply in its day, but has become outdated given the rise of pooled investment vehicles like mutual funds, and especially with the explosion of index ETFs. Now, taxpayers face oddly disparate treatment, where it’s not permitted to harvest the loss on a stock that’s down and replace with the same stock, but it’s “fine” to harvest the loss on a mutual fund that’s down and replace it with another mutual fund that owns overlapping securities.

Ultimately, the spirit of the wash sale rules was that investors should be required to endure some “tracking error” risk with the replacement security owned during the wash sale period… which means swapping ETFs with a 0.99+ correlation to harvest a loss without any risk of a performance difference almost certainly violates Congressional intent. And while it remains to be seen whether the IRS will become more aggressive in pursuing the issue, and/or whether Congress will attack this abusive “tax loophole” once again, the fact that there has been no action to limit the abuses yet does not protect taxpayers who are in clear violation of the spirit and intent of the rules in the first place. So investors should at least be cautious to consider how far they push the limits with tax loss harvesting (TLH) of mutual funds and ETFs.

Economies Of Scale In Financial Advice – Are Larger Advisory Firms Really More Productive And Profitable?

May 4, 2015 07:01 am 18 Comments CATEGORY: Practice Management

With markets up and clients (generally) happy, advisory firms are enjoying record productivity, with the average advisor now responsible for nearly $500,000 of revenue by one benchmarking study’s measure. And the larger the advisory firm – and the more it scales its advice offering – the greater the advisor productivity seems to be.

Yet a deeper look at the numbers reveals that in reality, the largest advisory firms actually have the least productive advisors, at least when measured by the number of clients they serve. Similarly, while profit margins for advisory firms overall are healthy, they are remarkably similar regardless of whether a firm has $1M, $5M, or $10M of revenue. In other words, financial advice does not actually appear to be scaling across the landscape of advisory firms!

Instead, the key differentiator for the largest firms appears to be their ability to attract the biggest, wealthiest clients, and accelerate their growth rates despite spending the smallest percentage of revenues on marketing. Which means ultimately, while the productivity of financial advisors themselves doesn’t appear to scale much as a firm grows larger, the ability of the largest firms to attract the most affluent clients and scale their marketing may be the biggest advantage of that large firms have over their smaller competitors!

Weekend Reading for Financial Planners (May 2-3)

May 1, 2015 03:15 pm 13 Comments CATEGORY: Weekend Reading

Enjoy the current installment of "weekend reading for financial planners" - this week's edition kicks off with a recent Guidance Update from the SEC about cybersecurity, suggesting that the regulator is increasingly concerned about whether RIAs are properly stepping up to their obligations to protect client data and whether they are really prepared to deal with a potential data breach.

From there, we have several technical planning articles this week, from a look at how clients might need to update the gifting provisions in their Power of Attorney documents in light of current Federal gift/estate tax exemptions, to the growing trend of "Impact Investing" for especially higher-net-worth clients, tips for how to utilize family resources when a child or grandchild is going to college while minimizing any adverse impact on financial aid, and a roundtable interview on the current issues advisors should be thinking about when it comes to health insurance and the new health insurance exchanges.

We also have a couple of practice management articles, including: the differences in how top RIAs do marketing compared to their peers; the challenges that advisory firm owners/founders face as the business continues to grow; a look at how mega-accounting firm Deloitte is revamping its system of managing employee performance and reviews (with lessons for us all about how to better manage employees); and a look at technology tools that may be helpful for advisors trying to revamp their online presence from website to social media and more.

We wrap up with three interesting articles: the first is commentary from FPA NexGen President-Elect Rianka Dorsinvail about how advisory firms should think about hiring and retaining young talent; the second is a profile of Apex Clearing, the platform that has powered most "robo-advisor" start-ups in the past several years and is now looking to offer its tools more directly to traditional RIAs as well; and the last is a sad reminder that as clients age, financial decision-making capacity is often one of the first things to go, which makes it especially important for advisors to be watchful as the first line of defense... and have a plan in place about how to contact other family members for support, should it become necessary to do so.

And be certain to check out Bill Winterberg's "Bits & Bytes" video on the latest in advisor tech news at the end, including the latest from the Shareholders Service Group (SSG) conference, a partnership between Orion Advisor Services and Jemstep Advisor Pro, and the latest from the SEC on cybersecurity issues for advisors.

Enjoy the reading!

How To Raise Children To Be The Opposite Of Spoiled – Using Money To Teach Values

April 29, 2015 07:01 am 40 Comments CATEGORY: General Planning

No parent wants to knowingly raise a spoiled child. Yet in a world where money is a taboo subject, there is remarkably little guidance available about how to turn a child into the opposite. Certainly making children financially literate is a good start – so at least they understand the mechanics of money and how it works – but that still doesn’t necessarily mean they’ll make good responsible decisions. But what else can be done?

To answer this question, New York Times personal finance columnist Ron Lieber has written a new book, aptly titled “The Opposite Of Spoiled”, exploring the parenting techniques that can not only avoid spoiling a child, but can raise one to be the opposite – a child that grows up to be thrifty, modest, patient, and generous. In fact, given that being not-spoiled is basically about having “good” values, Lieber makes the case that raising fiscally responsible children is all about using money as a vehicle to teach those values.

Accordingly, Lieber’s book navigates issues from “how much should children receive as an allowance” to “should children have to do chores to get their allowance”, as well as how to guide children towards the three fundamental pillars of financial decision-making – whether to spend, to save, or to give. Ultimately, “The Opposite of Spoiled” is something of a manifesto for parents about how to introduce money conversations to children as a means to teach good values, which means it is a book that could easily become a great gift for every client who is a parent likely struggling with these issues, and is equally relevant for advisors who are parents with children of their own as well!

NASAA Adopts New Model Rule 203(a)-1A Requiring RIA Business Continuity And Succession Planning

April 27, 2015 07:01 am 8 Comments CATEGORY: Practice Management

After completing the public comment period, NASAA has just implemented a new “Model Rule” that will require investment advisers to adopt a “Business Continuity and Succession Plan” for the RIA practice. Notably, the rule would apply only for state-registered investment advisers, although the SEC has recently announced it is considering a parallel rule for SEC-based RIA firms as well.

The ultimate requirement of the Model Rule is that advisors would be required to establish a written plan about how they will handle the transition of everything from books and records of the firm, to ongoing servicing of clients (or at least, an orderly wind down), along with an alternate means of communicating with clients, in the event of either a natural disaster, or the unexpected death or disability of the advisor. In other words, how will the RIA fulfill its fiduciary duty and ensure continuity of service for clients, in light of recent natural disaster events like Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, or the simple fact that with a sole proprietor advisor the clients might not even know the advisor had passed away and that no one was looking after their assets anymore!

Ultimately, the Rule will not actually have the force of law until it is adopted by individual states in the coming months, but nonetheless the pressure is on now for advisors to begin to prepare their written plan, which state examiners will likely want to see the next time the RIA is audited.

Fortunately, many of the continuity provisions can realistically be achieved by adopting cloud-based services that have a robust backup and disaster recovery process of their own. However, the requirement for “[unexpected] succession planning” in particular may be a challenge for many advisory firms, who must ensure continuity for clients (or at least an orderly wind-down) but may not want to sell the practice now. Will NASAA’s new Model Rule spawn an increase in the number of providers who offer an “exit planning” arrangement for advisors who do want to remain in their practice, but need a continuity solution in the event of death or disability?

Weekend Reading for Financial Planners (Apr 25-26)

April 24, 2015 02:31 pm 26 Comments CATEGORY: Weekend Reading

Enjoy the current installment of "weekend reading for financial planners" - this week's edition kicks off with the announcement that NASAA has finalized its model rule that, as states adopt the rule, will require state-registered investment advisers to create a written "succession" plan for their business.

From there, we have a number of practice management articles this week, including: strategies to effectively delegate tasks to staff; why it's best to build out the staff infrastructure supporting your advisory firm by building roles around people, rather than trying to fit people into roles; a profile of several advisory firms that have been successful in creating a strong culture that supports the firm; a guide of what to do if you find out you're being terminated by your broker-dealer; and a look at where advisors get their best ideas (from peers and conferences) and how they create the accountability to follow through on them (using coaches and study groups).

We also have a few marketing-related articles, from a look at how being less available to prospective clients can actually help to close them, to strategies to invoke an emotional connection with prospective clients to get them interested in doing business with you, and a discussion of how the world of wealth management is changing as the (younger) emerging affluent have different expectations of what they'd like to see in a "good" wealth management service in the first place.

We wrap up with three interesting articles: the first looks at some of the ways that investment advisers misreport investment performance (from skewed benchmarks that create an illusion of alpha to buying premium bonds that make yield appear higher than it will be over time); the second is a message from a Millennial working in financial services about how mismatched most of today's providers are to the true needs and desires of younger investors; and the last looks at the CFP Board's public awareness program after nearly five years, and the progress the CFP Board is really making in advancing awareness of the CFP marks.

Enjoy the reading!